ABSTRACT: Development
of Irian Jaya Province which is full of dynamics, among others
colour by wish of a part of the people to get their own independence,
had made the Central Government in 1999 to fulfill the aspiration of
Irian Jaya people to develop Irian Jaya into several provinces, among
others was determination of Manokwari as the capital city of West Irian
Jaya Province.
The study case of this research i.e. how was the impact of determination
policy of
Manokwari as the capital city of West Irian Jaya Province towards
social, politic and
economic in Manowari Regency? while the aim of this research was to know
the impact of determination policy of Manokwari as the capital city of
West Irian Jaya towards social, politic and economic structures movement
in Manokwari Regency.
This research used a descriptive method with qualitative approach.
Informant in
this research were the people society (4 persons), regional parliament
society (4 persons), community organizations (1 person), and campus
academic (1 person). Data collecting technique was by closed
questionnaire (inquiry), interview, and documentation. Data collecting
used was research instrument i.e.: closed questionnaire, interview
manual, and check list documentation (including analyzed ones). Data
analysis used was qualitative data analysis technique by editing, coding
and data analysis.
Result of this research showed that determination policy of Manokwari as
the
capital city of West Irian Jaya Province has not been so significant yet
to grant a positive impact in form of increasing or improvement of
social, politic, economic structures in Manokwari Regency. This was
indicated from: (1) There were some points at all social structure
indicator which have not yet indicated increasing improvement such as:
worse Primary School, static/unchanged central public health service
clinic, social organization remained less functioning, worse social
ethic/attitude, people social norms were scraped, anarchist (drunkard),
crimes, less smooth development, people welfare was not achieved,
unchanged primordial (ethnic sentiment), high gap between high and low
level society, exclusive treatment to high level society, privilege for
officer’s family, and low level society was isolated; (2) There was one
thing in political structure indicator : community organization was
acting as a pressuring group who was maintain as the free rider, having
an economic aim and project ideology; and (3) There were some points in
some economic
structures which have not yet indicated improvement, among others were :
trading sector was denominated by outsider community, the natives work
in agriculture and farming sectors, security sector, regional potential
and ease in business set up, as well as decreasing/worse small, medium,
large scale trading company, regional, province and state roads were
generally in bad/damage condition, the Region remained depending on fund
transfer from Central Government and decreasing/worse Regional Original
Income.
The conclusion of this research is such a positive significant impact in
form of
increasing/improvement in social, politic and economic in Manokwari
Region has not
happened yet after determination of Manokwari as the capital city of
West Irian Jaya.
Advises recommended among others: it was necessary to get a special care
from
the Authority of West Irian Jaya Province towards improving of Primary
School
educational structure as well as central public health service clinic
infrastructure,
necessary to carry out continuous and periodical illumination to the
people in the frame work of maintaining a good social ethic or attitude
and social norms, to make any efforts in carrying out smooth development
in all aspects (especially development of social and economic infra
structures), to make efficient use of low level society, to be selective
in choosing community organization as a government’s working partner in
carrying out social programs and make efficient use of the people), it
was necessary to make any efforts to make happen the transformation from
agricultural and farming sectors which so far become a mainstay job for
native society to jobs in industrial and trading sectors, the local
Authority needed to render a special care towards improvement of road
infrastructure (region, province and state), as well as necessary to
continuously digging available regional potential (especially the
Original Regional Income in regional tax and retribution sectors).
INTISARI: Perkembangan
Provinsi Irian Jaya yang penuh dinamika, antara lain diwarnai
oleh keinginan sebagian warganya untuk memerdekan diri, mendorong
pemerintah pusat pada tahun 1999 memenuhi aspirasi masyarakat Irian Jaya
untuk memekarkan Irian Jaya menjadi beberapa provinsi, di antaranya
penetapan Manokwari sebagai ibukota Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat. Masalah
penelitian ini adalah bagaimana dampak kebijakan penetapan Manokwari
sebagai ibukota Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat terhadap pergeseran struktur
sosial, politik, dan ekonomi di Kabupaten Manokwari? Adapun tujuan dari
penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak kebijakan penetapan
Manokwari sebagai ibukota Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat terhadap pergeseran
struktur sosial, politik, dan ekonomi di Kabupaten Manokwari.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan
kualitatif.
Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah warga masyarakat (50 orang),
kalangan pemerintahan (4 orang), kalangan DPRD (4 orang), LSM (1 orang),
dan akademisi kampus (1 orang).
Teknik pengumpulan data adalah melalui kuesioner (angket), wawancara,
dan
dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen (alat) penelitian
berupa
kuesioner tertutup, pedoman wawancara, dan ceklis dokumentasi (termasuk
dianalisis).
Analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif
dengan cara editing,
coding, dan analisis data.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penetapan Manokwari
sebagai
ibukota Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat belum begitu signifikan memberikan
dampak positif
berupa peningkatan atau kemajuan struktur sosial, politik, dan ekonomi
di Kabupaten
Manokwari. Hal ini diidikasikan dari: (1) ada beberapa hal pada semua
indikator struktur sosial yang belum menunjukkan peningkatan/kemajuan,
seperti: SD makin menurun/buruk, Puskesmas tetap/tidak maju,
lembaga-lembaga sosial tetap kurang berfungsi, makin memburuknya etika
sosial/perilaku, kaidah-kaidah sosial masyarakat terkikis, anarkhis
(pemabuk), keamanan terganggu, banyak kriminal, pembangunan tidak
merata, kesejahteraan masyarakat tidak terjadi, tetap primordialisme
(sentimen etnis), makin tinggi gap lapisan atas dan lapisan bawah
(tinggi), perlakuan eksklusif lapisan atas, mengutamakan keluarga
pejabat, dan lapisan bawah terkucilkan; (2) masih ada satu hal pada
salah satu indikator struktur politik, yaitu LSM sebagai salah satu
kelompok penekan yang tetap menjadi free rider (penumpang gelap),
bertujuan ekonomi, dan berideologi proyek; dan (3) ada beberapa hal pada
beberapa indikator struktur ekonomi yang belum menunjukkan
peningkatan/kemajuan, seperti: perdagangan dikuasi oleh masyarakat
pendatang, pribumi bekerja di sektor pertanian dan perkebunan, faktor
keamanan, potensi daerah, dan kemudahan berusaha, serta makin
menurun/buruknya perusahaan dagang skala kecil, menengah, dan besar,
jalan kabupaten, jalan provinsi, dan jalan negara umumnya
buruk/rusak, daerah tetap bergantung pada transfer dana dari pusat, dan
yang makin
menurun/buruknya PAD.
Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah belum terjadi dampak positif berupa
peningkatan atau kemajuan struktur sosial, politik, dan ekonomi di
Kabupaten Manokwari yang begitu signifikan setelah penetapan Manokwari
sebagai ibukota Provinsi Irian Jaya Barat.
Saran yang diajukan antara lain: perlu adanya kepedulian pemerintah
Provinsi
Irian Jaya Barat terhadap peningkatan sarana pendidikan SD dan sarana
Puskesmas, perlu dilakukan penyuluhan secara kontinyu dan berkala kepada
warga masyarakat dalam rangka mempertahankan etika sosial atau perilaku
yang baik dan kaidah-kaidah sosial, berupaya melakukan pembangunan
secara merata dari semua aspek (terutama pembangunan infrastuktur sosial
dan ekonomi), pemberdayaan warga masyarakat lapisan bawah, selektif
memberikan ijin pembentukan LSM (termasuk selektif di dalam memilih LSM
sebagai mitra kerja pemerintah untuk melaksanakan program-program sosial
dan pemberdayaan masyarakat), perlu mengupayakan terjadinya
transformasi dari sektor pertanian dan perkebunan yang selama ini
menjadi sandaran pekerjaan warga pribumi ke pekerjaan di sektor industri
dan perdagangan, pemerintah setempat perlu memiliki kepedulian yang
tinggi terhadap perbaikan infrastruktur jalan (kabupaten, provinsi, dan
negara), serta perlu terus menggali potensi daerah yang tersedia
(khususnya PAD di sektor perpajakan daerah
dan retribusi daerah).
